Testimonies from Oct. 7 attack on Israel are now part of Steven Spielberg's Holocaust archive
'It was my calling to hold space for these people,' says former intelligence officer who recorded testimonies
A young woman who watched her boyfriend die as she hid behind a dumpster; a former hostage who spent 55 days in captivity; a grandmother who lost two generations of her family. Stories like theirs have been shared around the world since the Hamas-led attacks on Israel of Oct. 7 but are now being preserved for posterity by a foundation originally created to document the horrors of the Holocaust.
The Shoah Foundation was established 30 years ago at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles by filmmaker Steven Spielberg as a way of preserving the stories of survivors of the Holocaust while they were still alive.
Since then, it has documented the testimonies of more than 56,000 victims of the Holocaust, housing them in an online archive along with testimonies from other mass exterminations, including the Armenian genocide, the genocide of Tutsis in Rwanda and the ethnically motivated violence against the Rohingya.
The foundation had recently expanded its archive to include testimonies from victims of acts of antisemitism committed after the Second World War, and it decided soon after the Oct. 7 attack on Israel that the events of that day fit within that mandate. Around 1,200 people were killed and more than 200 were taken hostage during the attack, which prompted a retaliatory military operation by Israel that has so far claimed the lives of more than 31,000 Palestinians in Gaza.
"It's the largest antisemitic attack since the Shoah," said Robert Williams, the foundation's executive director and the UNESCO chair on antisemitism and Holocaust research. "And [it] represents the unfortunate reality that antisemitic violence can even occur in the one country where it was never meant to."
'Everyone was trying to help'
As Israeli families impacted by the attacks fled the south to hotels and relatives' houses, the foundation mobilized resources to begin recording their experiences as quickly as possible. That's where Natalie Mann stepped in.
Mann, a former intelligence officer with the Israeli military, now an interior designer near Tel Aviv, was approached by a colleague about the opportunity to conduct interviews with the victims and gather as many testimonies as possible. When she was asked to volunteer, she said, she did not hesitate.
"Everyone was trying to help," Mann said. "My friends who were therapists or doctors, everybody, just threw a pillow and a blanket in their cars and drove down to help. So, there was really not too much thought to it."
Mann was sent to the Dead Sea region of Israel, where many of the displaced residents of the kibbutzim that were attacked were seeking refuge and started documenting testimonies of survivors and family members on camera.
To date, she's heard the stories of 250 people over the course of the last four months. Some days, she listened to the stories of three or four different people.
"I felt like it was my calling to hold space for these people, to hear what it is they have to say and to record their story for historical purposes and … to help them share their pain," she said.
She set the interviews up in a quiet, outdoor spot, giving interviewees all the time they needed to relay their experiences. Building trust with the victims was crucial, Mann said.
"Many of them referred others to come talk to us after they did," she said. "I made sure to make them as comfortable as possible and just give them space to let their experiences pour out of them."
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As one of few people who's spoken to so many different victims, Mann says, she was quickly able to piece together stories into an interconnected tapestry of a day her country is likely never to forget.
And what she heard, she says, was horrific.
"Nobody ever imagined that children would be killed in front of their parents' eyes, and the opposite," she said. "Or the parents were shot and the children suffocated to death from fire, but this is what I heard."
Although she hesitates to talk about which testimonies were the hardest to hear, the stories she does relay are harrowing.
Mann said she spoke to one woman in her 60s whose two sons were murdered, one along with his wife and children. A young woman in her 20s described how her boyfriend was killed by Hamas fighters outside a dumpster at the Nova Music Festival site after he hid her behind the structure to keep her safe.
She also spoke to one of the 112 hostages who were released from captivity in Gaza in November, 55 days after they were abducted by Hamas and other militants. The woman, Mann said, recalled walking for hours through underground tunnels and being told repeatedly by her captors that no one was looking for her or negotiating her release.
Mann says in the early days of taking victims' testimonies, emotions were raw.
"The first couple of weeks when we were interviewing, you know, people were still shell-shocked," she said. "They still had, you know, no idea really what happened to them or to their loved ones. They didn't know people were missing … Nobody knew what was going on. So, it was very raw."
In some cases, victims brought family members to support them.
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Mann said she understands that she is absorbing the trauma of others just by hearing their stories but insists she is lucky to get the chance to do so.
"I'm privileged to be able to be strong and to be able to do this and to be able to be a part of this phenomenal time in history, to be here now."
The testimonies of the victims of Oct. 7 will form part of 10,000 new testimonies from around the world that the foundation aims to collect. They will also be available to schools and universities and are accessible in Israel through the National Library.
"We hope that these testimonies, because they are taken so immediately after the event, will allow for a more accurate reflection of what transpired on that day and provide a source of healing for the people of Israel as well as for people in the wider world who have been so affected by what happened," Williams said.
For Williams, the hope is also that hearing personal stories from a wide range of people impacted will allow those around the world listening to them to identify with the victims.
"These people are just like us. They have hopes, they have aspirations, they have diverse perspectives on the world," Williams said.
"They have mothers, fathers, children, grandparents, all of whom fell victim in one way to conditions completely beyond their control, living normal lives one moment, uprooted the next and uprooted because of the ideology of antisemitism, something that's plagued us for thousands of years."
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