Mexico becomes 1st country to ratify 'new NAFTA' trade deal

Mexico on Wednesday became the first country to ratify the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement agreed late last year to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement at the behest of U.S. President Donald Trump.

By a vote of 114 in favour to four against, Mexico's senate backed the trade deal tortuously negotiated between 2017 and 2018 after Trump repeatedly threatened to withdraw from NAFTA if he could not get a better trade deal for the United States.

Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador had said the deal would be ratified this week in the senate, where his leftist National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and its allies have a comfortable majority in the 128-member chamber.

There has been little parliamentary opposition in Mexico to trying to safeguard market access to the United States, by far Mexico's most important export market, and the deal received support from nearly all the opposition lawmakers who voted.

Mexico sends around 80 per cent of its exports to the United States, and Trump has vowed to impose tariffs on all Mexican goods if López Obrador does not reduce the flow of U.S.-bound illegal immigration from Central America.

Canada, which has also fought with Trump over trade, is pressing ahead to ratify the deal — which Ottawa refers to as the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement, or CUSMA. The deal is also known colloquially as the "new NAFTA." The main question mark hanging over its ratification is in the U.S., where Democratic lawmakers have threatened to block the process.

Earlier on Wednesday, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said he believed Democrats' concerns on enforcing labour and environmental provisions in the USMCA can be sorted out quickly. He spoke just hours after Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi said she still has many concerns over USMCA.

Trump, who had excoriated the 25-year-old NAFTA as a "disaster" for U.S. workers, wants to claim a first major trade deal victory as the campaign for the 2020 presidential election begins. The Republican formally opened his re-election campaign in Florida on Tuesday and two dozen Democrats are competing for the party's nomination to run against Trump.

Trump, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Mexico's previous president Enrique Peña Nieto signed the USMCA on Nov. 30, 2018, after months of often acrimonious talks stretching back to the American president's first few days in office.

López Obrador took office on Dec. 1, 2018.

Three of the four Mexican votes against the deal came from MORENA senators, as did one abstention. The other vote against the deal was from an Independent senator, while two members of the centre-right National Action Party (PAN) also abstained.

Seven senators were not present for the vote.