Iran sees renewed protests over Mahsa Amini death amid 'major' internet disruption

Iran suffered a "major disruption" in internet service Wednesday as calls for renewed protests again saw demonstrators on the streets weeks after the death of a 22-year-old woman who had been detained by the country's morality police, an advocacy group said.

The demonstrations over the death of Mahsa Amini have become one of the greatest challenges to Iran's theocracy since the country's 2009 Green Movement protests. Demonstrators have included oil workers, high school students and women marching without their mandatory headscarf, or hijab.

Calls for protests beginning at noon Wednesday saw a massive deployment of riot police and plainclothes officers throughout Tehran, witnesses said. They also described disruptions affecting their mobile internet services.

NetBlocks, an advocacy group, said that Iran's internet traffic had dropped to some 25 per cent compared to the peak, even during a working day in which students were in class across the country.

"The incident is likely to further limit the free flow of information amid protests," NetBlocks said.

Despite the disruption, witnesses saw at least one demonstration in Tehran by about 30 women who had removed their headscarves while chanting, "Death to the dictator!" Those cries, referring to Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, can result in a closed-door trial in the country's Revolutionary Court, with the threat of a death sentence.

Lawyers demonstrate in Tehran

Passing cars honked in support of the women despite the threats of security forces. Other women simply continued with their day not wearing the hijab in a silent protest, witnesses said. Demonstrations occurred on university campuses in Tehran as well, online videos purported to show.

Lawyers also peacefully demonstrated in front of the Iran Central Bar Association in Tehran, chanting, "Woman, life, freedom" — a slogan of the demonstrations so far. The video corresponded to known features of the association's building. A later video posted by activists purported to show them fleeing after security forces fired tear gas at them. At least three were arrested, the pro-reform newspaper Shargh reported.

A crowd of at least 100 people blocked a road in central Tehran, shouting "by cannon, tank or firecracker, mullahs must get lost," one video showed. Another video showed dozens of riot police deployed in a Tehran street where a fire was burning. The time and place of the videos could not be independently verified.

Videos also purported to show demonstrations Wednesday in Baharestan, just southeast of the city of Isfahan, as well as in the southern city of Shiraz and northern city of Rasht, on the Caspian Sea.

Gathering information about the demonstrations remains difficult amid the internet restrictions and the arrests of at least 40 journalists in the country, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists.

More reports of shots fired at protesters

In the northwestern city of Bukan, security forces fired on protesters, wounding 11 people, according to a Kurdish group called the Hengaw Organization for Human Rights, which also reported shooting in three neighbourhoods in the city of Kermanshah.

In Sanandaj, the main city in Amini's province of Kurdistan, a protester said shots were also fired.

"Several demonstrators got injured. Riot police are everywhere," they said.

Simmering anger

Anger has been particularly acute in western Iran's Kurdish regions, as Amini was Kurdish. On Wednesday, Hengaw showed images of closed shops and empty streets in some areas, describing it as a strike by shopkeepers.

The group also posted a video it said came from Amini's hometown of Saqqez, which showed truckloads of riot police moving through the city.

While the demonstrations have focused on Amini's death, anger has been simmering in Iran for years over the country's cratering economy. Sanctions over Tehran's nuclear program have seen a collapse in the country's rial currency, wiping out the savings of many. 

Iran's government insists Amini was not mistreated, but her family says her body showed bruises and other signs of beating after she was detained for violating the Islamic Republic's strict dress code. Subsequent videos have shown security forces beating and shoving female protesters, including women who have torn off their hijabs.

Khamenei, speaking Wednesday to the country's Expediency Council, again claimed Iran's foreign enemies had fomented what he dismissed as "scattered" demonstrations.

"Some of these persons are elements of the enemy and if they are not, they are in direction of the enemy," Khamenei said.

Iranian state television, long controlled by the country's hard-liners, aired footage it described as women protesting in support of the mandatory hijab across Iran. Only Afghanistan and Iran mandate the hijab in law and by force.

It remains unclear how many people have been killed or arrested so far in the protests.

An Oslo-based group, Iran Human Rights, estimated Wednesday that at least 201 people have been killed. This includes an estimated 90 people killed by security forces in the eastern Iranian city of Zahedan amid demonstrations against a police officer accused of rape in a separate case. Iranian authorities have described the Zahedan violence as involving unnamed separatists, without providing details or evidence.

Numerous videos have emerged of riot police shooting into crowds, with some likely using live fire. Apparently feeling the pressure from the public, Iran's police chief, Gen. Hossein Ashtari, claimed on state television Wednesday without providing evidence that "counterrevolutionary groups abroad" wore police uniforms and fired into the crowds. He claimed his officers had made arrests of some of those people.