Fast-growing hurricane threatens flooding in Central America

Hurricane Eta erupted quickly into a potentially catastrophic major hurricane Monday as it headed for Central America, where forecasters warned of massive flooding and landslides across a vulnerable region.

Eta had maximum sustained winds of 195 kilometres per hour and was located about 135 kilometres east of the Nicaragua-Honduras border, according to the U.S. National Hurricane Center. It was moving west at 15 km/h.

It said the Category 3 hurricane is likely to strengthen further before running ashore by early Tuesday in Nicaragua, where it could bring rains measured in feet rather than inches.

Forecasters said central and northern Nicaragua into much of Honduras could get 380 to 635 millimetres of rain, with 890 millimetres in isolated areas. Heavy rains also were likely in eastern Guatemala, southern Belize and Jamaica.

Storm surge of up to 4.5 meters above normal tides was possible for the coast of Nicaragua.

'Race against time' for Nicaraguan residents

Nicaragua's navy carried families in open boats, mostly women and children with the possessions they could carry from outer islands to the mainland under a low grey sky. It prohibited the launch of any boats along the stretch of coastline expected to receive Eta.

Offshore residents were taken to shelters in Bilwi, also known as Puerto Cabezas, the primary city of the Northern Caribbean Autonomous Region that is home to some 66,000 people, according to Guillermo González, director of Nicaragua's national emergency management agency.

Northeastern Nicaragua is sparsely populated, home to small coastal villages and a large nature reserve.

González said that 88 tons of rice, oil, corn and other food basics had been sent to the area. The flood-prone Rio Coco, which makes up part of the border with Honduras, is home to many Indigenous communities.

Traffic filled the streets of Bilwi on Monday morning as residents scrambled to stock up before Eta's arrival and there were long lines at cash machines.

"We're in a race against time," said Limborth Bucardo while waiting in line at a hardware store. "We need to reinforce our houses to dampen the impact of the winds a little." Heavy black plastic garbage bags, nails and rope were in high demand.

Fears Eta will mirror past deadly storms

The outer bounds of forecast potential rainfall from Eta were close to the prodigious amounts of water dumped by 1998′s Hurricane Mitch, one of the deadliest Atlantic storms in history.

A National Hurricane Center archive report said that more than 9,000 people died as Mitch's rains caused widespread flooding during a weeklong slog across the region. At one point its winds reached nearly 285 km/h, though it weakened while meandering off the Honduran coast before making landfall on Oct. 29, 1998.

In Honduras, much of the country was placed on red alert for Eta's eventual passage through the country. It had been raining since Sunday in some areas.

Julissa Mercado, spokesperson for the national emergency management agency, said firefighters had started evacuating areas most at risk and mandatory evacuations would be ordered soon.

Eta tripled in strength in about 24 hours, rapidly intensifying from a 65 km/h storm Sunday morning to a 190 km/h hurricane around midday Monday, and forecasters said it could grow further, into a Category 4 storm before hitting land.

Eta is the eighth Atlantic storm this season to hit the meteorologists' definition for rapid intensification — a gain of 56 km/h in wind speed in just 24 hours. It's also the fifth to reach major hurricane status.

Over the past couple decades, meteorologists have been increasingly worried about storms that just blow up in strength, like Eta.

Earlier this year, Hannah, Laura, Sally, Teddy, Gamma, Delta and Zeta all rapidly intensified. An eighth storm, Marco, just missed the mark. Laura and Delta tied or set records for rapid intensification.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration climate and hurricane scientist Jim Kossin studied the effect and found storms now are more likely to rapidly intensify than they did in the 1980s and "a lot of that has to do with human-caused climate change."

Eta is the 28th named Atlantic storm this season, tying the 2005 record for named storms. It's the first time the Greek letter Eta has been used as a storm name because after the 2005 season ended, meteorologists went back and determined a storm that should have been named wasn't.

There's still a month to go before hurricane season ends on Nov. 30. In 2005, Hurricane Zeta formed toward the end of December.