Federal election 2015: Timing of election call a political calculus for Conservatives

What voters will decide on Oct. 19 is beyond the Conservatives' control. But one thing is firmly in their grasp: when to drop the writs that will take them to the polls.

Exactly what day Prime Minister Stephen Harper will visit the Governor General to make the formal request to dissolve Parliament and call the election has been the source of weeks of political speculation. And with good reason — it's ultimately a political calculus of the Conservatives' own devising.

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Although a law passed in 2007 set a fixed election date for Parliament, it didn't set a fixed length on how long the election campaign could be, only how short — no less than 37 days including the day it begins.

Fast forward to 2014 and the introduction and subsequent passage of the contentious Fair Elections Act, which among other things changed the rules around campaign finance.

In short — the longer the campaign, the more everyone can spend.

As the party sitting on the biggest war chest, there's no question the Conservatives would want to start the election sooner rather than later, the New Democrats suggested.

"Word is Stephen Harper could call the election early, in as little as 25 days," reads a fundraising pitch sent by the party last week.

"It's not hard to see why — the longer the election, the more money the Conservatives can spend attacking us."

Third-party ads limited

The sooner the writs are dropped, the sooner the Conservatives could also potentially curb third-party groups like Engage Canada, a union-backed organization currently running ads against them, much to their frustration.

Right now, groups like that also have no limits on spending, but if they spend $500 on ads after an election call, they must register as a third party. Then, limits come into effect, though they are also increased according to the length of the election.

Then there's the other side of the political coin.

Once the election has begun, government institutions can no longer advertise unless they have a legal obligation to do so or it's a public safety matter.

At the same time, limits are imposed on what political parties can spend.

So, among the calculations being made in the Conservative war room is what's worth more — attack ads on their opponents, funded by party dollars that are limited by law; or limitless taxpayer-funded ads they could be running promoting their policies.

For a while, they were doing both in tandem. Health Canada at one point had an ad campaign against drug abuse which was running at the same time as a radio ad from the Conservative Party attacking Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau for his stance on the legalization of marijuana.

Just last week, the department announced it was putting its drug-abuse campaign back on the air until Aug. 8.

That's around when most Conservative insiders think Harper will go to Rideau Hall.

Government spending announcements are on the calendars for some departments right up until the end of July, though this week's roll out of the universal child care benefit cheques is considered among the final major things on the government's to-do list before formally going to the polls.

'Stay tuned'

Then, there is the first leaders' debate, set for Aug. 6, which will allow Harper the opportunity to set a political tone and potentially gather footage that can be turned around immediately into advertising.

Meanwhile, some staffers have been told to make sure their bank accounts are flush enough by mid-August to cover off their rent for a few months, as many will be taking unpaid leaves of absence to work on the campaigns.

That's not to say campaign planes will take flight right away. Harper told MPs in June he had no intention of spending all of August traipsing across the country. It's more likely that the official machine won't rev up fully until Labour Day.

He has, however, cancelled his usual August trip — the annual tour to the Arctic.

There's no word on whether the Governor General has also been told to clear his calendar in early August to formally kick start the vote. Rideau Hall never discusses anything related to politics.

And from the prime minister's office itself, only two words:

"Stay tuned."

The election call

Some facts about the dropping of the writs and what it means

Within the next few weeks, Prime Minister Stephen Harper will visit Gov. Gen. David Johnston, ask him to dissolve Parliament and formally call an election.

The process is informally known as "dropping the writ," though in the Canadian context it is more appropriately called "dropping the writs" since a formal written order calling an election must be issued for each of Canada's 338 federal ridings.

Here are some facts about the process and its implications for the campaign trail:

The fixed date:

The 2007 law that created a fixed election date specifies that a general election must be held on the third Monday of October in the fourth calendar year following polling day for the last general election.

However, nothing in the law affects the power of the Governor General to dissolve Parliament at his discretion.

What that means is that an election could be called before that fixed date, if the Governor General was asked.

While there is a fixed date for the vote, there is no fixed date on which the writs must be issued. However, the amount of time between the two must be at least 36 days, making for a minimum 37-day election period in total.

The money:

Before the campaign official begins, there's little by way of limits on election-related spending or other campaign activities.

That changes once the call comes.

Elections Canada sets spending limits on both candidates and parties that are tied to the length of the election campaign. The amounts are based on the number of voters in each riding and in the case of the parties, the number of ridings in which they are fielding a candidate.

So, for example, Stephen Harper's limit as the candidate for the riding Calgary Heritage is $100,386.66. But for every day the election goes over the 37 day limit, he gets to spend an additional $2,713.

In the 2011 election, the spending limits for the parties was $21 million. The actual limit is announced by Elections Canada after the election begins. But it's also tied to the election date and increases each day the campaign goes longer than 37 days.

Third parties also have spending limits.

The first is that people or groups must register as third parties if they've spent $500 or more in election advertising after the election is called.

Then there are limits on how much they can spend on that advertising.

The base limit is $150,000, of which only $3,000 can be spent promoting or opposing one or more candidates in a particular riding. And those limits are further multiplied by an inflation factor (giving a base limit this year of $205,800), as well as extended for each day an election period goes beyond 37 days.

And a few other things:

The media as well as the bureaucracy also have guidelines they must follow.

For example, once the campaign begins, media must observe a specific set of rules around the reporting of public opinion polls, including reporting on the questions being asked in the poll.

For their part, government institutions must cease nearly all advertising, unless they're legally required to do it or it's a question of public safety.

Among the activities of government also affected are citizenship ceremonies — popular spots for politicians to meet new voters. Once an election is in progress, neither an incumbent MP nor a nominated candidate are allowed to attend them.