Highlights of the English federal leaders' debate
The debate saw heated exchanges on climate, secularism in Quebec, feminism and Indigenous issues
The federal party leaders taking part in Thursday night's debate battled it out over five key issues: affordability, climate change, pandemic recovery, reconciliation, leadership and accountability.
With 11 days until the election, this appears to be a close race between Liberal Leader Justin Trudeau and Conservative Leader Erin O'Toole — although a majority government win by either party seems unlikely at this point.
- Have an election question for CBC News? Email ask@cbc.ca. Your input helps inform our coverage.
With many voters still uncommitted, the stakes going into the only English-language debate were high.
Here are some of the key moments from the debate.
Leaders clash over climate change
Trudeau and O'Toole also battled over climate change, with both leaders offering up their plans as achievable and effective.
"You ask about how we are going to convince the quarter of Canadians who still don't think climate change is real. Mr O'Toole can't even convince his party that climate change is real cause his party voted against that," Trudeau said.
WATCH: Trudeau, O'Toole debate climate change
At the Conservative Party's March policy convention, delegates voted to reject adding green-friendly statements to the policy book — including a line that would have stated the party believes "climate change is real" and is "willing to act."
O'Toole responded by saying that Trudeau has "never made a target" on emissions.
And O'Toole wasn't the only one in Trudeau's crosshairs on the subject.
"We need to talk about science, we need to talk about experts, we agree on that, you and I both," Trudeau said to Singh. "So how is it that the experts that have rated our plan on climate to be an 'A' have rated your plan to be an 'F'?"
The NDP's climate plan has come under scrutiny in recent days, with Simon Fraser University environmental economist Mark Jaccard saying it would be "largely ineffective" and "unnecessarily costly." Former B.C. Green Party leader Andrew Weaver, meanwhile, has endorsed the Liberal climate plan over that of the Green Party.
Singh said he gives Trudeau's climate record an 'F' because emissions have continued to rise under his leadership.
In 2019 — the first year of the federal carbon pricing system, commonly called the "carbon tax" — Canada produced 730 megatonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, an increase of one megatonne — 0.2 per cent — over 2018.
Watch: Liberal and NDP leaders debate the merits of their climate change platforms:
Raising flags from half-mast
On Indigenous issues, Trudeau attacked O'Toole over comments he made recently regarding how unmarked graves at residential schools are being honoured.
"On Indigenous issues specifically, he says we need to listen to Indigenous peoples. Well, he proposed that he would raise the flags that are at half-mast for the kids in unmarked graves in residential schools and he didn't talk to or listen to any Indigenous leaders when he made that decision," Trudeau said.
Watch: Trudeau attacks O'Toole for saying he would raise the flags that were lowered for Indigenous children:
In reply, O'Toole said he sees raising the flag again as a symbol of Canada's commitment to reconciliation.
"As prime minister on the national day of reconciliation, September 30, I will raise the flag with the commitment to move forward on calls to action," he said.
- Compare the party platforms and see where the parties stand on the issues important to you.
In the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's final report, it presented 94 "calls to action" urging all levels of government — federal, provincial, territorial and aboriginal — to work together to change policies and programs to repair the harm caused by residential schools and move forward with reconciliation.
Trudeau's feminism challenged by Green leader
Trudeau, who has frequently called himself a feminist, was asked how he can use that term when the military is mired in sexual misconduct scandals.
Trudeau said his government has put stronger policies and processes in place to support survivors.
- Find out who's ahead in the latest polls with our Poll Tracker.
Green Leader Annamie Paul said that, based on what she has seen, Trudeau is not a feminist. She went on to thank several female former Liberal politicians — including Jane Philpott, Jody Wilson-Raybould and Celina Caesar-Chavannes — who left or were removed from the party after coming into conflict with Trudeau.
Trudeau fired back at Paul, who recently faced a revolt within her own party. "I won't take lessons on caucus management from you," he said
WATCH: Paul and Trudeau spar over Liberal leader's track record on women's issues
Secularism in Quebec
The debate kicked off with a lively exchange between Bloc Québécois Leader Yves-François Blanchet and debate moderator Shachi Kurl over Bill 21, which bans some civil servants, including teachers, police officers and government lawyers, from wearing religious symbols at work.
- Use Vote Compass to compare the party platforms with your views.
The Quebec government said the restrictions were necessary to protect Quebec's unique version of secularism.
Kurl, president of the Angus Reid Institute, asked Blanchet more than once "why the discriminatory laws and your support for it sir?"
"You may repeat as many times as you like that those are discriminatory laws," Blanchet replied. "We are saying that those are legitimate laws that apply on Quebec territory and there seems to be people around here which share this point of view."
WATCH: Blanchet pressed on Quebec's Bill 21
