Canada Revenue Agency's targeting of charities under scrutiny
Note: This story was originally moved by The Canadian Press on Aug. 3, 2014.
The Canada Revenue Agency says it pays no attention to pro-government or anti-government political leanings when it chooses which charities to audit for their political activities.
But charities targeted in the first wave of agency audits were largely opponents of the Harper government's energy and pipeline policies, an analysis shows, suggesting bias in their selection.
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"The CRA does not conduct research into the political views of any charity, and it does not base its decision to audit any charities on this criterion," said agency spokesman Noel Carisse.
The head of the charities directorate, Cathy Hawara, said last month that political ideology was indeed a factor, telling a Toronto newspaper: "We also gave consideration to ... what you might call political leanings, to make sure that we weren't only focusing on one side of the political spectrum."
Hawara later said she had mischaracterized the CRA's selection process.
"What position a charity might take on any given issue, what views they might have, what perspective they have on a particular policy issue, isn't really of concern to us — and isn't a triggering factor," she said in an interview with The Canadian Press.
Rather, Hawara said, the agency seeks balance by targeting groups from each of four charitable categories, that is, relief of poverty, advancement of religion, advancement of education and benefit to the community — the last a grab-bag that includes environmental and human-rights groups.
She said the agency also considers any formal complaints from citizens, lobby groups, MPs or even cabinet ministers. Such external complaints were taken seriously enough to have generated some 30 "leads" for further investigation, though the CRA will not provide details.
Environmental groups among first audits
The newly formed political-activity audit group, consisting of nine people in Ottawa and six auditors across Canada, set itself a goal of 10 audits for 2012-2013, its first year of operation.
The agency does not publicly identify which charities it targets, citing confidentiality provisions of the Income Tax Act.
This group of initial audits included Tides Canada Foundation, Tides Canada Initiatives Society, Ecology Action Centre, Equiterre, Environmental Defence Canada Inc., with the David Suzuki Foundation following early in the 2013-2014 fiscal year.
A Nova Scotia charities lawyer with several hundred clients also says the political-activity audits he knows about are all in the environmental sector.
"The organizations I am aware of that have been audited, or are still in process, are in the environmental community," said Richard Bridge in Middleton, N.S.
CRA's initial focus on environmental groups closely follows inflammatory statements by Conservative cabinet ministers shortly before and after the 2012 federal budget, which announced $8 million for the new political-activity audits.
Environmental groups had a "radical agenda," Joe Oliver at Natural Resources said in January that year. The groups were used to "launder offshore funds," said Environment Minister Peter Kent in May.
EthicalOil.org, an energy-sector promoter founded by a Conservative political aide, also formally complained about three of the five environmental groups caught in the first wave of audits — suggesting their letters turned into CRA "leads."
Scope expanded
The Canada Revenue Agency, which is planning 60 political-activity audits by 2016, has since expanded the scope to include anti-poverty, foreign-aid, human rights, and even animal-welfare groups.
CRA is watching for any group that uses more than 10 per cent of its resources on political activities, or that engages in any kind of partisan activity, such as endorsing a candidate, which is forbidden.
Most charities that have self-identified as being under audit have opposed government policy at one time or another, raising the question of whether CRA's widened auditing scope remains politically skewed.
Ottawa charities lawyer Adam Aptowitzer, with several hundred clients, says he is aware of some on the right side of the political spectrum who are being audited for political activities, but who decline to make it public.
"I know that they are disinclined from coming forward because there's nothing to be gained," he said in an interview.
Some well-known think-tanks that are registered as charities have confirmed to The Canadian Press they are not being audited by CRA for political activities, including Toronto's C.D. Howe Institute and the Macdonald-Laurier Institute in Ottawa.
The Fraser Institute in Vancouver declined to say one way or another; others did not immediately respond.
Hawara, who met in person with Revenue Minister Kerry-Lynne Findlay in June this year to discuss the political-activity audits, says she did not provide any lists of targeted charities to the minister.
"She or her office has not asked me to audit any particular charities," Hawara said. "We have not been subject to any kind of direction."
But Gareth Kirkby, who recently completed a master's thesis on political-activity audits, suggests the government has effectively targeted its political opponents simply in the way it set policy guidelines for the CRA.
"By speaking publicly about the need for CRA to respond to public complaints, the government created a funnel that led CRA auditors to charities with relatively higher self-reported 'political activities' and charities with complaints in their files," Kirkby said in a recent blog post.
"These will very strongly tend to be organizations with different public policy perspectives than the government."