Antiviral drug remdesivir shortens time to recover from pandemic virus, top U.S. health official says
Dr. Anthony Fauci says drug reduced time it takes patients to recover by 31%
A top U.S. health official said Gilead Sciences Inc's experimental antiviral drug remdesivir is likely to become the standard of care for COVID-19 after early results from a key clinical trial on Wednesday showed it helped certain patients recover more quickly from the illness caused by the coronavirus.
The study, run by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, tested remdesivir versus usual care in 1,063 hospitalized coronavirus patients around the world. At the White House, NIH's Dr. Anthony Fauci said the drug reduced the time it takes patients to recover by 31 per cent — 11 days on average versus 15 days for those just given usual care.
Gilead earlier on Wednesday said remdesivir helped improve outcomes for patients with COVID-19 in the government-run trial, and provided additional data suggesting it worked better when given earlier in the course of illness. The statement sent its shares up seven per cent on the Nasdaq.
"The data shows that remdesivir has a clear cut significant positive effect in diminishing the time to recover. This is really quite important," Fauci told reporters at the White House, likening it to a moment in 1986 "when we were struggling for drugs for HIV and we had nothing."
"This will be the standard of care," Fauci predicted, adding, "The FDA, literally as we speak, is working with Gilead to figure out mechanisms to make this easily available to those who need it."
Several studies have painted a mixed picture of its effectiveness, and Fauci cautioned that the full data still needs to be analyzed.
"Although with 31 per cent improvement doesn't seem like a knockout 100 per cent, it is a very important proof of concept, because what it is proven is that a drug can block this virus."
U.S. President Donald Trump during a White House meeting greeted Gilead's reports as good news.
Interest in Gilead's drug has been high as there are currently no approved treatments or preventive vaccines for COVID-19, and doctors are desperate for anything that might alter the course of the disease that attacks the lungs and can
shut down other organs in severe cases, until a preventive vaccine emerges.
"There's now enough data to support consideration of access under an emergency use authorization by FDA," former U.S. Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said on Twitter.
Gilead provided information on two clinical trials. The study conducted by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, met its main goal of helping patients with a range of severity of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus.
Ok so it looks like there is a lot of confusion on this remdesivir news. Here is a lay person summary. <br> <br>There are numerous on going trials on remdesivir. Gilead, the manufacturer has 2- one in severe patients getting either 5 or 10 days, one in moderate patients w control arm.
—@BhadeliaMDThose preliminary results have been highly anticipated because it compares how patients who received remdesivir fared versus those given a placebo, meaning it should definitively demonstrate whether the drug provides benefit.
"It is the first truly high-powered randomized placebo-controlled trial," Fauci said.
The trial's lead researcher told Reuters on Friday that full results could come by mid-May.
Mixed results
Despite the excitement, Dr. Lawrence K. Altman, global fellow at The Wilson Center in Washington, DC, said more information is needed.
"While a new study offers a glimmer of hope that ... remdesivir has an effect against COVID-19, determination of its benefit for the general population must await release of pertinent details to evaluate the study's findings and
scientific analysis comparing them to other studies of the drug that have shown mixed results," he said in a statement.
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Gilead also provided data on a study in severe COVID-19 patients it has conducted in dozens of medical centres, which does not have a placebo comparison but tested the drug given by intravenous infusion under five-day and 10-day regimens.
In that 397-patient trial, Gilead said 62 per cent of patients treated early with remdesivir were discharged from the hospital, compared with 49 per cent of patients who were treated later in the course of the infection.
Gilead Chief Medical Officer Merdad Parsey in a statement said a five-day regimen, "could significantly expand the number of patients who could be treated with our current supply of remdesivir."
Also on Wednesday, results were published by the Lancet medical journal of a trial conducted in China that concluded remdesivir failed to improve patients' condition or reduce the pathogen's presence in the bloodstream. Gilead said previously that those findings, released inadvertently by the World Health Organization last week, were inconclusive because the study was terminated early.
Gilead chief executive Daniel O'Day earlier this month said the company was prepared to donate 1.5 million doses of remdesivir to hospitals dealing with severely ill patients. Regulatory approval of the drug would also clear the way for commercial sales.
Remdesivir, which previously failed as a treatment for Ebola, is being tried against COVID-19 because it is designed to disable the mechanism by which certain viruses make copies of themselves and potentially overwhelm their host's immune system.
The company is also studying the drug in patients with less severe COVID-19, but those results are not expected until later next month.
Dr Mike Ryan, head of the WHO's emergencies program, told an online briefing it can sometimes take a number of publications to determine a drug's efficacy.
"Clearly we have the randomized control trials that are underway both in the U.K. and U.S, the 'Solidarity trials' with WHO. Remdesivir is one of the drugs under observation in many of those trials. So I think a lot more data will come out," he said.
Ryan added: "But we are hopeful this drug and others may prove to be helpful in treating COVID-19."
With files from Reuters