Detroit 'broke, dysfunctional, wasteful,' report finds

Detroit is broke and faces a bleak future given the precarious financial path it's on, according to a new report out by the city's state-appointed emergency manager.

The report was released late Sunday by bankruptcy attorney Kevyn Orr and is his first on Detroit's finances since officially taking the job in March.

Under state law, the report was due within 45 days of Michigan's newest emergency manager law taking effect. Orr's spokesman Bill Nowling had warned last week that the report was an early look at Detroit's fiscal condition and would not be glowing.

'The current path is an ill-advised and unacceptable course of action.' — Kevyn Orr, emergency manager

The summation is the latest blow to the city, which came under state oversight in March when Gov. Rick Snyder selected Orr to handle Detroit's finances. Then, the city estimated its budget deficit to be about $327 million (all figures U.S.). Detroit also has struggled over the past year with cash flow, relying on bond money held by the state to pay some of its bills.

But Orr reports that Detroit's net cash position was negative $162 million as of April 26 and that the projected budget deficit is expected to reach $386 million in less than two months.

He also warns that the city's financial health might change as more data is collected and analyzed.

"What is clear, however, is that continuing along the current path is an ill-advised and unacceptable course of action if the city is to be put on the path to a sustainable future."

Mayor Dave Bing to review report

Detroit is the largest city in the country under state control and the city's wallet is now Orr's to command. He dictates how Detroit spends its money, something that had been the responsibility of first-term Mayor Dave Bing and the nine-member City Council.

In a statement Monday morning, Bing said his office plans a "comprehensive evaluation" of the report over the next day.

"A comprehensive review of the emergency manager's financial and operating plan has yet to be conducted," Bing said. "However, my initial review is that the assessment by Mr. Orr of the city's financial condition is consistent with my administration's findings."

The city's problems preceded Bing, a former steel supply company owner and professional basketball Hall-of-Famer.

"This has been a moving target. The historical numbers that have been reported were unreliable," bankruptcy expert Doug Bernstein said. "Certainly, nobody was going to expect the numbers were to be better than were reported."

Orr described the city's operations as "dysfunctional and wasteful after years of budgetary restrictions, mismanagement, crippling operational practices and, in some cases, indifference or corruption."

"Outdated policies, work practices, procedures and systems must be improved consistent with best practices of 21st century government," he said in the report. "A well run city will promote cost savings and better customer service and will encourage private investment and a return of residents."

The report also looked at attempts officials have made to fix problems.

"Recently, tens of millions of dollars of pension funding and other payments have been deferred to manage a severe liquidity crisis at the City," Orr wrote in the report. "Even with these deferrals, the City has operated at a significant and increasing deficit. It is expected that the City will end this fiscal year with approximately $125 million in accumulated deferred obligations and a precariously low cash position."

The city also owes more than $400 million in outstanding obligations, including $124 million used to provide funds for public improvement projects.

Orr's report identifies areas of concern and those needing immediate attention.

It's highly likely he will seek concessions from the city's labour unions. At least five unions representing police and firefighters are seeking arbitration in collective bargaining with the city.

Detroit lacks, but is developing a "comprehensive labour strategy for managing" its relationships with its unions, according to Orr.

Collective agreements could be terminated

The emergency manager law gives Orr the authority to "reject, modify or terminate" collective bargaining agreements and concessions will be sought, he wrote in the report.

'This power will be exercised, if necessary.' — Kevyn Orr, emergency manager

"This power will be exercised, if necessary or desirable, with the knowledge and understanding that many city employees already have absorbed wage and benefit reductions," he wrote.

When taking the job, Orr said he hoped to avoid a municipal bankruptcy filing, but didn't rule one out if Detroit can't reach agreements with its many creditors and bond holders.

"If he already hasn't, he should continue negotiating for savings necessary in collective bargain," said Bernstein, a managing partner of the Banking, Bankruptcy and Creditors' Rights Practice Group for the Michigan-based Plunkett Cooney law firm.

"He has to negotiate reductions with bond holders and get as many concessions as he can. It's an across-the-board savings. "If he can't get everything completed by consent, then there is no option but bankruptcy. It should be a last resort. It should be used sparingly. It is an option. When all else fails, that's the last tool in the tool box."

The report also notes the instability in leadership atop the city's police department. Detroit has had five different police chiefs over the past five years with varying plans on how to best handle the city's high crime rate.

"As a result, (the department's) efficiency, effectiveness and employee morale are extremely low," Orr wrote. "Based on recent reviews ... and input from the Michigan State Police and other law enforcement agencies, it is clear that improvements in DPD's operations and performance could be achieved through the strategic redeployment of resources, civilianization of administrative functions, other labour efficiencies and revenue enhancements."

The department also could benefit from more and better technology, equipment, police cars and personnel.