8 interesting facts about P.E.I. coyotes
Did you know Eastern Coyotes are believed to be a hybrid coyote/wolf?
Reports of coyotes around the rural edges of Stratford, P.E.I., a few weeks ago took some people by surprise: the wary coyotes tend to stay out of sight, and therefore out of mind — but they're on the Island in fairly significant numbers.
"We have very productive habitat," for coyotes said Garry Gregory, a wildlife biologist with P.E.I. Fish and Wildlife, who agreed to share his knowledge of P.E.I.'s largest but seldom-seen wildlife.
1. They're from away
The first coyote in P.E.I. was snared near Souris in 1983, according to the province's website. Officials believe they crossed the ice from the mainland, and quickly made P.E.I. their home. Now, they're here to stay.
2. No trespassing
Although no one knows for certain exactly how many coyotes call P.E.I. home, Gregory said past estimates put the number at around 2,000 pairs. "They seem to thrive in our agricultural/forested kind of mosaic landscape," Gregory said.
Coyotes' numbers on the Island are likely only limited by their territorial nature, Gregory said.
"A pair of coyotes will maintain a territory within which they will not permit other coyotes to set up," he said. That territory is approximately 50 square kilometres or less. And they patrol their territory, clearly marking it for others with urine.
3. Blood is thicker
Coyotes maintain a family group, "so it's not uncommon to see a group of half a dozen coyotes particularly in the winter, maintaining a pack-type mentality," Gregory said.
There's nothing like sitting outside on a starry night, listening to them sing... it's good they've come here to live.— Sharon Labchuk
Dominant alpha pairs will breed and give birth in the spring, then learn how to hunt and sometimes stick with their parents and other family members through the winter. There are sometimes subordinate adults in the pack who are only permitted to breed if something happens to one of the alpha couple.
They can have anywhere from one to a dozen pups, but the average litter size is five to seven, said Gregory.
4. Together forever
Coyote pairs mate for life, staying together constantly — not just reuniting during mating season, Gregory said, noting they will re-mate if something happens to one of them.
5. They are a hybrid coyote
The Eastern Coyote that calls P.E.I. home is believed a hybrid of a Western Coyote and a wolf that some call a coy-wolf.
"Our coyote is bigger, it's heavier. It's a larger-stature animal," said Gregory. Where coyotes in Western Canada resemble a large fox, Gregory said, coyotes here are 23 to 27 kilograms (50 to 60 pounds).
6. Bounties are useless
Trying to control coyote numbers with bounties has proven to be useless — coyotes will simply respond to the threat by having more pups.
"Coyotes are one of those species that display compensatory reproduction," shared Gregory. "When their density drops, their reproductive output will pick up: they'll have larger litters and/or coyotes that would not have bred otherwise will fill in those vacant territories."
Hunting and trapping, though, is thought to maintain a healthy level of fear of people in coyotes, Gregory said, and they are successfully hunted on P.E.I., their fur sold domestically and to China and Russia for trim on coat hoods. Last year, coyote pelts were worth from $40 to $50, said Gregory.
7. P.E.I. is a coyote buffet
Coyotes are classified as carnivores or meat-eaters, Gregory said, but are omnivorous — they'll eat anything, including plants. They hunt at night — their eyesight and smell, like dogs, are much better than humans'.
They hunt rodents, snowshoe hare, foxes, skunks, raccoons and ground-nesting birds as well as berries and apples. "They're very adaptable and very opportunistic," said Gregory.
They will also kill and eat house cats and small livestock like lambs and calves. Although such occurrences are rare, Gregory noted, "it does happen now and then."
"We get many calls from farmers that see coyotes in and around their farm, but actual direct interactions between the coyotes and livestock themselves are actually fairly rare," Gregory said.
8. Not dangerous, but…
"In the vast majority of situations, coyotes do not pose any imminent danger to people or pets," emphasized Gregory.
At the same time, he advises Islanders should be wary.
"Give them a "wide berth … admire them from a distance." If coyotes come uncomfortably close, yell and throw a stick at them, he said. Keep your pets close to home and secure any food, like pet food, you may have left outside.
People who see coyotes may call Fish and Wildlife, Gregory said.
Your sightings
Ruth Hanselpacker shared some good video of coyotes Dec. 12 on her on the Selkirk Road in Belfast, P.E.I.
"There are packs of them in the Nine Mile Creek and surrounding areas. They can be heard howling nightly," said Cody MacDonald on Facebook. "I have not seen them. My opinion is it is a part of life when you live in the country — you can expect to have wildlife right in your backyard. And we take precautions to protect our pets and children."
"My dogs hear coyotes howling and will start howling back — it's kind of amusing," wrote Lorr Peters.
Joedy Harper of Alberton, P.E.I., was out teaching his dogs to coyote hunt in western P.E.I. when he took this photo. "Hounds had it bayed. I walked in, took some pictures, tied the hounds back and let him go," he wrote on Facebook.
"I live in one of the largest blocks of upland hardwood forest and coy-wolves are all around me," commented Sharon Labchuk of Millvale, P.E.I.
"I see their tracks in the sand by the stream and in the snow. There's nothing like sitting outside on a starry night, listening to them sing … it's good they've come here to live," she enthused.
Loanne MacKay was excited to see one last winter run across the field in front of her house in the East Royalty area of Charlottetown. "He has three legs and can he ever move."
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