Old maps reveal how much of Point Pleasant Park has been lost to erosion
Researcher says about 10 metres of land has likely eroded from the Halifax park since 1850s
Jonathan Fowler has been walking the paths of Point Pleasant Park in Halifax for decades, since he was a little kid.
Over time, he's noticed changes.
"The shoreline seems to be moving inland, and particularly after big storms," he says. "It just appears that we're losing more of the park to the ocean."
Fowler, an archaeologist and professor of anthropology at Saint Mary's University, decided to put his observations to the test.
Using a combination of old maps, aerial photos and laser-imaging technology, he is trying to measure how much the ocean has encroached on the land in the park.
Fowler has studied maps of Point Pleasant Park dating back centuries, but he discovered that most of the earliest ones were not suitable for his project.
"We've got maps from French cartographers who were doing this in the very early 1700s, it's just that they weren't surveying that area super carefully," he says.
"It needs to be of really high quality, and by that I mean really carefully surveyed at a large scale. And unfortunately, most of the maps just aren't."
The earliest map that's detailed enough is a British military survey plan of the park from 1858 that even shows the low and high tide marks.
Traces of that survey work still linger in the park today — small etchings, no bigger than the palm of a hand, made in rocks that indicate survey points.
Fowler uses fixed points in the park that have not changed in a couple of centuries, such as the Prince of Wales Tower, the intersection of certain paths, monuments, forts and even outcroppings of bedrock, to analyze how things have changed along the shore.
On a recent snowy day, Fowler trekked around the park with a group of his students, using a GPS to collect location data. Those data points allow him to digitally stitch together current locations with old maps and aerial photos to make comparisons.
His preliminary data suggests the coastline has changed by about 10 metres in some locations from about 1860 to today. Fowler says some places in the park, such as the southeastern area near the Point Pleasant Battery, appear to be more affected than others.
As he presses forward with his work, the municipality is eyeing making changes to improve shoreline resilience at the park.
On March 17, Halifax Regional Municipality issued a tender for design work that could include: raising the elevation of Sailor's Memorial Way, a popular walking trail that extends from the lower parking lot to the Northwest Arm Battery; preserving the Bonaventure Anchor Memorial; raising the lawns and making changes to the Point Pleasant Battery, among other possibilities.
The design work is expected to be completed in 2024.
In the meantime, Fowler plans to collect more survey points and more high-resolution aerial photos to further refine his erosion estimates.
While his work was borne of plain old curiosity, he says it contributes to a more urgent conversation.
"Nova Scotia is a very coastal environment. Our infrastructure is in these environments, people's homes are in these environments. It's not just abandoned old forts and things. It can have a very direct impact on people's lives," he says.
"So the more we can develop a better understanding of what's happened to the environment, I think the better for all of us. It allows us to adapt to our changing circumstances."
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
