After 30-year quest, music anthropologist puts Deline songs on paper
'I want the elders who told me these stories to be heard,' says Nicole Beaudry
A woman's three-decade quest to document traditional songs from the Dene community of Deline, N.W.T., is coming to fruition in a new book.
It's "not for academic purposes at all," says music anthropologist Nicole Beaudry.
"Really, the focus is for Deline people."
Beaudry studied the musical and vocal traditions of the Dene who live on Great Bear Lake. The book will document everything from prayer songs, ets'ulah (a.k.a Dene love songs) to the oldest songs, ı́lıwá (songs before the drum), now called tea dance songs, only a few of which are sung today.
The "hefty manuscript" is the culmination of Beaudry's research over a span of nearly 30 years and more than 100 hours of cassette and later digital recordings.
She said during her visits, community members always asked "'What exactly are you doing with this material? How will that help us?"'
"I want the elders who told me these stories (and songs) to be heard," she said.
Berger Inquiry drew her to Mackenzie Valley
Beaudry's passion for studying and documenting the vocal and drumming practices of Indigenous people started with Inuit in the Eastern Arctic and Yupik people in Southwest Alaska. In the mid-1970s, her attention turned to the Northwest Territories, where a landmark inquiry into the proposed Mackenzie Valley Pipeline was taking place. Indigenous peoples' fight for land rights was front and centre.
"We knew nothing about, or very little" about that part of Canada, she said, and even less about Dene musical traditions.
"Nobody had worked at all on these singing traditions of the Sahtu Dene. I would try to understand the entirety of it."
That meant understanding the culture. Over nearly a dozen trips to Deline, Beaudry met with elders, or "knowledge keepers," as she described them. Those visits always started and ended with storytelling about the old days, traditional games and drumming.
Beaudry relied on local interpreters such as Michael Neyelle to help decode the words, meaning, and context. Some of the songs were so old, even Neyelle had trouble.
"I had to ask: 'what did you mean by that?'" said Neyelle.
But, he added, "When you hear them actually saying words from our language you can understand it. It just inspires. It gives you inspiration. they are giving us resources we need to help save our culture and traditions."
The songs include the one sung on elder Louie Taniton's wedding day. The Deline elder sang it again for Beaudry in 1989, keeping time by tapping his foot.
Other songs recall nostalgia of the old days and feelings of happiness on the land. In 1992, elder Adeline Vital shared her memories of gathering wood in the spring. Chirping birds and fresh breezes inspired this ets'ulah, or love song.
Songs rich in meaning
Beaudry scored each of the 100 songs on paper, detailing the notes and melody. She said it was a "delicate" feat, as many musical symbols aren't relevant to the Dene way of singing.
"You try and use as little as possible symbols that would become meaningless so you try and get at the core of the song."
Some songs have just a few words — rich in meaning — that are repeated in short melodic patterns.
"The words have different meanings depending on the context in which it's sung."
Drum dance songs often refer to "up there," the realm of the creator, songs first heard by the prophets in the early 1900s, said Beaudry.
"Dene values, moral values — it's all coined within one word or one expression. So it's really hard to discuss song text."
But what Beaudry can say definitively is "The land is central to everything. If you don't understand this strong bond, you can't understand the rest."
Preserving culture
Deline Chief Leonard Kenny says he was surprised and "touched" to see Deline's musical history on paper.
"It was written down as musical notes and I didn't really understand it but when I said 'sing it to me,' she did. She sang it the same way as the elders sang it," said Kenny.
"I had never seen that before."
Kenny says documenting this history is key for his community to preserve its culture, language and succeed in self-governance, which comes into effect in September. Eventually he'd like to see the book used in schools.
"The songs will give guidance to us as leaders," said Kenny.
"We also lost a lot of [songs]. When an elder dies he brings a lot of that information with him. We need to do more recordings."
The book is about a year away from publication.