Montreal student sues U.S. for border searches

Civil rights lawyers cited the case of a Montreal student Tuesday as they sued the U.S. government to try to stop authorities from examining the laptops, cellphones and cameras of international travellers without probable cause.

The lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court in Brooklyn against the Department of Homeland Security, as well as U.S. customs and immigration authorities.

In May, a graduate student in Islamic studies at McGill University in Montreal was detained for several hours as his electronic devices were searched, the suit says. The encounter badly frightened the student, according to the suit.

The American Civil Liberties Union, the New York Civil Liberties Union and the National Association of Criminal Defence Lawyers filed the lawsuit on behalf of the National Press Photographers Association, criminal defence lawyers and the student: Pascal Abidor, a 26-year-old French-American citizen whose laptop computer was confiscated at the Canada-U.S. border.

The civil rights groups said photographers regularly travel abroad with cameras, laptops and media storage devices to cover global news stories and rely on their ability to communicate confidentially with sources. They said many of the defence lawyers have similar confidentiality concerns as they travel abroad with laptops, smartphones and other mobile phones.

The lawsuit says policies adopted by U.S. government agencies permit the search of all electronic devices that "contain information," including laptops, cameras, mobile phones, smartphones and data storage devices.

The policies are particularly invasive since electronic devices carry "vast amounts of personal and sensitive information that reveals a vivid picture of travellers' personal and professional lives, including their intimate thoughts, private communications, expressive choices and privileged or confidential work product," the lawsuit says.

Department of Homeland Security spokesman Matthew Chandler said he could not comment on the lawsuit. He said the department uses secondary inspections of electronic media "in limited circumstances to ensure that dangerous people and unlawful goods do not enter our country."

He said the department "has been transparent about these searches" with the policies and a privacy impact assessment of them available on the department's website.

Montreal student's ordeal at heart of suit

The lawsuit highlights what Abidor went through at the border as he travelled May 1 on an Amtrak train between Montreal and New York City to visit family after completing his academic year.

The lawsuit says a U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer asked him a series of questions before he was asked to go with his belongings to the train's café car, where five or six other officers joined the questioning as he was ordered to provide access to his laptop.

The officer questioned him about some personal pictures and images of Hamas and Hezbollah rallies that he had downloaded as part of his research for his doctorate in the modern history of Shiites in Lebanon. Then he was searched, handcuffed and taken to a detention cell, the lawsuit says.

He was released after about three hours, leaving him "frightened, disturbed and severely upset" as he continued to New York on a bus, the lawsuit says.

The civil rights groups said that when Abidor's laptop was returned 11 days later, there was evidence that many of his personal files, including research, photos and chats with his girlfriend, had been searched.

In a release, Abidor said: "This has had an extreme chilling effect on my work, studies and private life — now I will have to go to untenable lengths to assure that my academic sources remain confidential and my personal dignity is maintained when I travel."

The lawsuit asks a judge to declare the policies unconstitutional and stop them from being carried out when there is no reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing.

The lawsuit says more than 6,500 people have had their electronic devices searched as they crossed U.S. borders since October 2008. Nearly half were U.S. citizens.