Pandemic conspiracy theories test truth, evidence, government, experts say

The novel coronavirus threatens the health of Canadians, but to some people the pandemic stokes fears of a government plot to subvert freedoms, say experts who study conspiracy theories.

Terrorist attacks, natural disasters, economic shocks and the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak are events that fuel conspiracy theories, says Edwin Hodge, a sociologist at the University of Victoria who studies far-right extremism.

"Believing that it just happened by accident doesn't work," Hodge said. "One of the things I found that a lot of conspiracy theories do is they provide a sense of order to a chaotic universe."

He said this holds true across political and social spectrums.

Governments closing public and private places, urging physical distancing and requiring travellers to self-isolate for 14 days to slow the spread of COVID-19 would be viewed as state control tactics by those who believe in conspiracy theories, Hodge said.

Hearing different messages

When Prime Minister Justin Trudeau explained those measures to help fight the pandemic, those people heard a different message, he said.

"What they really hear him say is 'Your constitutional rights don't matter anymore. Now we're going to separate and isolate you and that's how we're going to get you,'" Hodge said. 

David Black, a communications theorist at Victoria's Royal Roads University, said that while the world struggles with an epidemiological crisis, a battle for the truth is raging in a post-truth age where facts and information are often blurred.

"Post-truth is not lying," he said. "Post-truth is where we stopped caring. We became indifferent to facts, to evidence, logical consistency.

"Just when we need facts, evidence, logical consistency and fidelity to truth as we try to share information about a disease that could harm or kill many people, we find ourselves culturally unprepared to receive the information we need."

Counselling against irrational behaviour

Black said conspiracy theories about the novel coronavirus can trigger fears, prejudices and irrational actions, but evidence and truth are powerful anti-conspiracy forces.

Daily statements by the prime minister and public health officials across Canada provide necessary information to blunt conspiracy theories.

"It's a counter because what we see is sobriety, is information, is people in positions of leadership counselling against irrational behaviour," Black said. 

B.C. Health Minister Adrian Dix said he is aware of conspiracy theories about the origins of the new coronavirus, but the government is providing the public with the most detailed, reliable and up-to-date pandemic information available.

"There's a lot of noise out there," he said.

"Part of our strategy is to give people as much information as we can. What we are trying to do is give all the facts, some of which are quite frightening, but we're trying to demonstrate calm."

Encouraging reassessment 

Dix said hour-long briefings are not out of the ordinary as he and Dr. Bonnie Henry, the provincial health officer, are keen to answer every question because many reflect public concerns they may not be aware of.

Hodge said the pandemic is forcing people to think critically about information.

"As hard as it is to find a silver lining out of it, it is encouraging people to reassess where they are getting their information," Hodge said.

"We've been put in a very stressful situation and being told to critically evaluate information under extraordinary conditions."