Hong Kongers returning to Vancouver after years of population decline, census shows

Ken Tung says he recently helped a new arrival from Hong Kong find a basement unit in Metro Vancouver for only $500 in rent per month, thanks to a discount by a sympathetic landlord.

"It's a good price," said Tung, who said he has helped at least 100 young people from Hong Kong settle in Canada over the past three years.

But Tung says he's playing a relatively limited role resettling Hong Kongers compared to Vancouver-based groups, including churches, that have helped thousands.

"I know many churches and their people are helping Hong Kong newcomers. People are donating furniture and lowering the rent to help them out," said Tung.

Tung and others like him are facilitating a shift that shows up in new Canadian census figures.

Data released this week shows the Hong Kong-born population of Canada is on the rise, with a large majority settling in the Vancouver region, reversing a return-migration trend that had previously seen thousands of Hong Kongers leaving Canada.

Experts say the shift is being propelled by a political crackdown in Hong Kong, which came under a sweeping national security law in 2020 after anti-government protests.

The 2021 census shows a 6.1 per cent increase of Hong Kong-born people in Vancouver's census metropolitan area in the past five years, bringing the total population to more than 76,000. It had previously been falling for decades.

The increase of 4,395 accounts for 90 per cent of the Canada-wide increase of Hong Kongers since 2016, when the previous census was conducted.

Many more are on the way, using new migration pathways that Canada opened up to Hong Kongers last year.

Tung says he wasn't surprised by the census numbers.

He said Hong Kongers arriving in Metro Vancouver recently mainly fell into four categories — returnees who already hold Canadian citizenship, people arriving on new work permits, students and some asylum seekers.

He said their motivations were largely the same. "The answer is simple — they can't see a future in Hong Kong," Tung said.

The national security law has been used to target protesters and political opponents of the Hong Kong government.

Hong Kong was Canada's biggest source of immigrants in the lead-up to the 1997 handover to China, but Hong Kongers' presence in Canada had been shrinking steadily for years as thousands moved back to the former British colony.

The crackdown in Hong Kong was followed by the establishment of new Canadian migration pathways in response.

But while the census shows 2,385 recent Hong Kong immigrants to the Vancouver census metropolitan area in the preceding five years, that number is outstripped by the actual increase in the Hong Kong-born population, suggesting more than 45 per cent of newcomers already held Canadian citizenship or some other status.

Kennedy Chi-Pan Wong is a PhD candidate in sociology at the University of Southern California who has studied Hong Kong migration patterns.

Wong said his research showed many recent migrants were Hong Kong political prisoners' relatives, friends or colleagues.

There are 1,163 political prisoners in Hong Kong as of September 2022, according to the non-profit Hong Kong Democracy Council, which the Chinese government has claimed is funded by the U.S. government arm National Endowment for Democracy.

"That actually creates a large pushing force, as we call it, in migration studies, that really push people out of the country," said Wong.

In addition to the political unrest, other factors have also come into play, such as Hong Kong and mainland China's strict pandemic rules, says Wong.

He says the COVID rules that had inhibited mobility had created concern about doing business in Hong Kong, and the city's future prosperity.

The influx looks set to accelerate, with more than 20,000 permits for study, permanent residency and work granted to Hong Kongers last year, after Canada launched a new open work permit pathway for Hong Kong residents who are recent graduates of post-secondary institutions.

Some of those pathways only came into effect after the May 2021 census.

Wong says that the peak of newcomers from Hong Kong hasn't arrived in Canada yet.

This story was produced with the financial assistance of the Meta-Canadian Press News Fellowship, which is not involved in the editorial process.