Beijing trumpets massive $500B Belt and Road foreign infrastructure project

China's finance minister tried Thursday to dispel complaints its Belt and Road infrastructure-building initiative leaves developing countries with too much debt, promising "sustainable financing" as leaders gathered to celebrate the project.

Liu Kun's comments came as Chinese authorities blanketed the capital with security for the forum celebrating President Xi Jinping's signature foreign initiative.

Developing nations have welcomed the initiative to increase trade by building ports and other facilities in a region the Asian Development Bank says needs $26 trillion of investment by 2030 to keep economies growing. But countries including Malaysia and Thailand have cancelled or scaled back projects due to high costs, while others are struggling to repay Chinese loans.

Beijing will pursue "stable and sustainable financing," said Finance Minister Liu Kun at an event held ahead of Friday's start of the second Belt and Road Forum.

Chinese regulators will work with banks and multinational institutions to "build a high-quality, high-standard, sustainable financing system," said Liu.

High security for conference

This week's conference brings together leaders or envoys from three dozen countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Serbia, Myanmar and Kenya.

Police and paramilitary troops patrolled Beijing streets and subway stations. Major traffic arteries in the city of 22 million people are due to be closed for official motorcades.

Asian and African leaders are expected to press Beijing to reduce financing costs for Belt and Road projects. That might inject a note of tension into one of China's highest-profile political events this year.

Most Belt and Road projects are built by Chinese state-owned companies and paid for with loans from government banks at commercial interest rates.

Chinese lenders have provided half a trillion dollars in financing, according to the country's central bank governor, Yi Gang, who spoke at the event with Liu. He gave no details of how much has been repaid or how much is deemed to be at risk of possible default.

In addition, some $75 billion US has been raised in Chinese bond markets, according to Yi, who spoke at the event with Liu.

On Wednesday, Ethiopia announced Beijing had forgiven interest owed through the end of 2018 on Belt and Road loans to the northeast African country.

Environmental concerns over China-led projects

Development experts have expressed concern China-led projects might cause environmental harm or allow corruption.

But Xi's initiative is gradually winning wider support despite worries in the United States, Russia, Japan and India that China is trying to expand its strategic influence at their expense.

In March, Italy became the first member of the Group of Seven major economies, which includes the United States, to sign an agreement to support Belt and Road.

Chinese officials say they are examining borrowers more carefully to ensure they can repay loans.

Possibly due to that, the number of new Belt and Road projects has plunged.

The total value of new contracts fell 42 per cent in the first half of 2018 compared with a year earlier, according to Moody's.