Ukraine halts transit of Russian gas to Europe

Ukraine on Wednesday halted Russian gas supplies to European customers through its pipeline network after a prewar transit deal expired at the end of last year.

Ukraine's energy minister, Herman Halushchenko, confirmed on Wednesday morning that Kyiv had stopped the transit "in the interest of national security."

"This is a historic event. Russia is losing markets and will incur financial losses. Europe has already decided to phase out Russian gas, and [this] aligns with what Ukraine has done today," Halushchenko said in an update on the Telegram messaging app.

At a summit in Brussels last month, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy vowed that Kyiv would not allow Moscow to use the transits to earn "additional billions ... on our blood, on the lives of our citizens." But he had briefly held open the possibility of the gas flows continuing if payments to Russia were withheld until the war ends.

WATCH | Some European countries still depend on Russian gas:

Ukraine cuts decades-long flow of Russian gas to Europe

3 days ago

Duration 2:02

Citing national security, Ukraine has ended a decades-old agreement allowing Russian gas to flow through its territory to European countries after the prewar transit deal expired at the end of last year.

Kyiv refuses to extend deal

Russia's gas firm Gazprom said in a statement on Wednesday morning that it "has no technical and legal possibility" of sending gas through Ukraine, due to Kyiv's refusal to extend the deal.

Even as Russian troops and tanks moved into Ukraine in 2022, Russian natural gas kept flowing through the country's pipeline network — set up when Ukraine and Russia were both part of the Soviet Union — to Europe, under a five-year agreement. Gazprom earned money from the gas and Ukraine collected transit fees.

Before the war, Russia supplied nearly 40 per cent of the European Union's pipeline natural gas. Gas flowed through four pipeline systems, one under the Baltic Sea, one through Belarus and Poland, one through Ukraine and one under the Black Sea through Turkey to Bulgaria.

Russian gas cutoff caused European energy crisis

After the war started, Russia cut off most supplies through the Baltic and Belarus-Poland pipelines, citing disputes over a demand for payment in rubles. The Baltic pipeline was blown up in an act of sabotage, but details of the attack remain murky.

The Russian cutoff caused an energy crisis in Europe. Germany had to shell out billions of euros to set up floating terminals to import liquefied natural gas that comes by ship, not by pipeline. Users cut back as prices soared. Norway and the U.S. filled the gap, becoming the two largest suppliers.

Europe viewed the Russian cutoff as energy blackmail and has outlined plans to completely eliminate Russian gas imports by 2027. 

Russia's share of the EU pipeline natural gas market dropped sharply to about eight per cent in 2023, according to data from the EU Commission. The Ukrainian transit route served EU members Austria and Slovakia, which long got the bulk of their natural gas from Russia but have recently scrambled to diversify supplies.

Among the hardest-hit will be EU candidate country Moldova, which was receiving Russian gas via Ukraine and has brought in emergency measures as residents brace for a harsh winter and looming power cuts.

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On Wednesday, Polish Foreign Minister Radek Sikorski called Ukraine's move to halt supplies a "victory" for those opposed to the Kremlin's policies. In a post on X, Sikorski accused Moscow of systematic attempts to "blackmail Eastern Europe with the threat of cutting off gas supplies," including through a Baltic pipeline bypassing Ukraine and Poland and running directly to Germany.

'Affect us all in EU': Slovakian PM

Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico claimed Wednesday that the end of gas flows via Ukraine "will drastically affect us all in the EU but not Russia."

Fico, whose views on Russia have sharply differed from the European mainstream, has previously hit out at Kyiv's refusal to extend the transit deal, and threatened to end electricity supplies to Ukraine in response.

Moscow can still send gas to Hungary, as well as non-EU states Turkey and Serbia, through the TurkStream pipeline across the Black Sea.

The steady reduction of Russian gas supplies to European countries has also spurred them to hasten the integration of Ukraine's energy grids with its neighbours to the west.