Paris attacks: France seeks global coalition against ISIS
Investigators identify Belgian national living in Syria as possible mastermind behind attacks
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French President François Hollande called on the United States and Russia on Monday to join a global coalition to destroy ISIS following the attacks across Paris, and announced a wave of measures to combat terrorism in France.
"France is at war," Hollande told a joint session of parliament at the Palace of Versailles, promising to increase funds for national security and strengthen anti-terrorism laws in response to the suicide bombings and shootings that killed 129.
"We're not engaged in a war of civilizations, because these assassins do not represent any. We are in a war against jihadist terrorism, which is threatening the whole world," he told a packed, sombre chamber.
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Parliamentarians gave Hollande a standing ovation before spontaneously singing the Marseillaise national anthem in a show of political unity following the worst atrocity France has seen since the Second World War.
The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) group has claimed responsibility for Friday's co-ordinated attacks, saying they were in retaliation for France's involvement in U.S.-backed air strikes in Iraq and Syria, in which Canada is also participating.
Hollande pledged that French fighter jets would intensify their assaults and said he would meet U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin in the coming days to urge them to pool their resources.
"We must combine our forces to achieve a result that is already too late in coming," the president said.
The U.S.-led coalition has been bombing ISIS for more than a year. Russia joined the conflict in September, but Western officials say it has mainly hit foreign-backed fighters battling Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, not ISIS.
No ground troops, Obama says
Speaking in Turkey at the same time as Hollande, Obama called Friday's attacks a "terrible and sickening setback" but maintained that the U.S.-led coalition was making progress. "Even as we grieve with our French friends ... we can't lose sight that there has been progress," Obama said at a Group of 20 summit, ruling out sending in ground troops.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, visiting Paris to pay respects to those killed in the attacks, said, "Tonight we are
all Parisians" and pledged the United States would stand "shoulder to shoulder" with France against ISIS militants.
He is due to meet Hollande on Tuesday morning.
Much of France came to a standstill at midday for a minute's silence to remember the dead, many of whom were young people killed as they enjoyed a night out. Metro trains stopped, pedestrians paused on pavements and office workers stood at their desks.
But in a sign of life slowly returning to normal, schools and museums re-opened after a 48-hour shutdown, as did the Eiffel Tower, which lit up the night sky in the red, white and blue colours of the French flag following two days of darkness.
ISIS threats
Investigators have identified a Belgian national living in Syria as the possible mastermind behind the attacks, which targeted bars, restaurants, a concert hall and soccer stadium.
Friday's act of war was decided upon and planned in Syria, prepared and organised in Belgium and carried out on our territory with the complicity of French citizens.- François Hollande, French president
"Friday's act of war was decided upon and planned in Syria, prepared and organised in Belgium and carried out on our territory with the complicity of French citizens," said Hollande.
Prosecutors have identified five of the seven dead assailants — four Frenchmen and a foreigner fingerprinted in Greece last month. His role in the carnage has fuelled speculation that ISIS took advantage of a recent wave of refugees fleeing Syria to slip militants into Europe.
Police believe one attacker is on the run and suspect at least four people helped organize the mayhem.
"We know that more attacks are being prepared, not just against France but also against other European countries," French Prime Minister Manuel Valls told RTL Radio. "We are going to live with this terrorist threat for a long time."
ISIS warned in a video on Monday that any country hitting it would suffer the same fate as Paris, promising specifically to target Washington.
French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve told reporters police had arrested nearly two dozen people in 168 raids overnight and seized arms, including a rocket launcher and automatic weapons,.
"Let this be clear to everyone, this is just the beginning. These actions are going to continue," he said.
Hollande said he would create 5,000 jobs in the security forces, boost prison service staff by 2,500 and avoid cuts to defence spending before 2019. He acknowledged this would break EU budget rules but said national security was more important.
He also said he would ask parliament to extend for three months a state of emergency he declared on Friday, which gives security forces sweeping powers to search and detain suspects.
CIA director John Brennan warned on Monday that ISIS militants may have similar operations ready to launch, but foiling those plots could prove difficult because Europe's intelligence and security resources are severely
stretched.
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Manhunt
A source close to the investigation said Belgian national Abdelhamid Abaaoud, currently in Syria, was suspected of having ordered the Paris operation.
"He appears to be the brains behind several planned attacks in Europe," the source told Reuters. RTL Radio said Abaaoud was a 27-year-old from the Brussels district of Molenbeek, home to many Muslim immigrants and a focal point for Islamist radicalism in recent years.
One of his brothers died in the Paris assault, while a third brother was arrested on the weekend but later released.
Police in France named two of the French attackers as Ismael Omar Mostefai, 29, from Chartres, southwest of Paris, and Samy Amimour, 28, from the Paris suburb of Drancy.
France believes Mostefai, a petty criminal who never served time in jail, visited Syria in 2013-2014.
His radicalization underlined the trouble police face trying to capture an elusive enemy raised in their own cities.
"He was a normal man," said Christophe, his neighbour in Chartres. "Nothing made you think he would turn violent."
Latest official figures estimate that 520 French nationals are in the Syrian and Iraqi war zones, including 116 women. Around 137 have died in the fighting, 250 have returned home and around 700 have plans to travel to join the jihadist factions.
The man stopped in Greece in October was carrying a Syrian passport in the name of Ahmad Al Mohammad.
Police said they were still checking to see if the document was authentic but said the dead man's fingerprints matched those on record in Greece.
Fierce debate
Greek officials said the passport holder had crossed from Turkey to the Greek islands last month and then registered for asylum in Serbia before heading north, following a route taken by hundreds of thousands of asylum seekers this year.
His role in the mission has re-ignited a fierce debate in Europe about how to tackle a continuing influx of refugees, with anti-immigrant parties calling for borders to be closed against the flood of newcomers fleeing the Middle East.
It has also unleashed a partisan backlash in the United States against Obama's plans to accept 10,000 Syrian refugees in the coming year, a fraction of the hundreds of thousands that European countries have pledged to take in.
Seventeen Republican governors and one Democratic one said they would refuse to allow Syrian refugees to settle in their states, and Republican presidential candidates called on the White House to suspend its refugee plan. The Paris
attacks have thrust national security to the top of U.S. voters' concerns ahead of the November 2016 presidential election.