'Enslaved' reading list
Natasha Henry | Posted: November 15, 2020 7:44 PM | Last Updated: November 16, 2020
The documentary series Enslaved examines a range of topics that are connected to Canadian and Atlantic histories. This list of suggested titles provides viewers the opportunity to further explore these topics and learn more through many non-fiction and fictional literary works, news articles, and numerous historical sources." .
This list is designed to extend the exploration of the topics of the middle passage, the transatlantic slave trade, Black enslavement in colonial Canada, foodways, the settlement of African American freedom seekers in Canada, Black Canadian communities, abolition, emancipation, and migrations.
Episode 1 - Cultures Left Behind
Hollywood icon and human rights activist Samuel L. Jackson goes on a personal journey to Africa, launching the epic story of the transatlantic slave trade, as told from the ocean floor.
Digital Resources
- Slave Voyages Database (Slave Voyages.org)
- The Atlantic Slave Trade in Two Minutes (YouTube)
- The Slave Route Project (UNESCO)
- Slavery and Remembrance, the Transatlantic Slave Trade (UNESCO)
Canadian connections
- Black history in Newfoundland
- Newfoundland in the Black imaginary (The Newfoundland and Labrador Independent)
- Black Enslavement in Canada (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
- Enslavement of Indigenous Peoples in Canada (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
- Chloe Cooley and the 1793 Act to Limit Slavery (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
- Enslaved Africans in Upper Canada (Archives of Ontario)
- Brought in Bondage: Enslaved Blacks in the Town of York (Myseum Toronto)
Books:
- The Hanging of Angélique: The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal by Afua Cooper, Harper Collins, Toronto, 2006.
- Canada's Forgotten Slaves: Two Centuries of Bondage by Marcel Trudel and edited by George Tombs, Vehicule Press, 2013.
- Slavery and Freedom in Niagara by Michael Power and Nancy Butler, Niagara Historical Society, 1993.
- Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France by Brett Rushforth Published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture and the University of North Carolina Press, 2012
News and Essays
- Listen: CBC Radio Ideas 2-part documentary Canada's slavery secret: The whitewashing of 200 years of enslavement
Episode 2 - Rationalization
How did the ideology of racism begin? How did Europeans rationalize the practice of chattel slavery?
Slave ports on the coast of West Africa
- Slave forts case study (Understanding Slavery)
- Bunce Island (Unesco)
- Slave Trade and Slave Routes: (British National Archives)
- Slave Trade Routes (Slavery and Remembrance)
- The transatlantic slave trade (Liverpool Museums)
- The Middle Passage (Africans in America, PBS)
- Slave ship in 3D video (SlaveVoyages.org)
- Slavery and remembrance: Middle Passage (SlaveryandRemembrance.org)
- Artifacts of the slave trade (Reuters)
- Gallery of artefacts (Understanding Slavery)
Africa before the Transatlantic Slave Trade
- Exhibitions & Learning online – Black History(National Archives U.K.)
- 7 Influential African Empires (History.com)
- Lost Kingdoms of Africa (BBC)
Slave Narratives that mention capture from Africa
Books
- Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora by Stephanie E. Smallwood, Harvard University Press, 2007
- Slavery at Sea: Terror, Sex, and Sickness in the Middle Passage by Sowande M. Mustakeem, University of Illinois Press, 2016
- The Middle Passage: White Ships by Tom Feelings, Dial Books, 1995
- Early Civilizations of Africa by Adrienne Shadd, Rubicon Press, 2012
- African Diaspora by Natasha Henry, Rubicon Press, 2015
Episode 3 - Follow the Money
How did Europe's 17th Century mania for coffee cause an expansion in the transatlantic slave trade?
Companies that benefited from the slave trade:
- London's Centuries-Old Insurance Market Investigates Its Slavery Role (Wall Street Journal)
- Dutch Slave Trade (Slavery and Remembrance)
- Slavery in New Netherland (Netherland Institute)
- How Sugar Changed the World (Live Science)
- Bristol and the Transatlantic Slave Trade (Bristol Museums)
- The history of Dido Belle, a mixed-race woman raised in British aristocracy in the 18th century. (EnglishHeritage.org)
- Maroon communities in the Americas (SlaveryandRemembrance.org)
Canadian Connections
- The invisible history of the slave trade (Toronto Star)
- King's & Slavery: Academic Research (University of King's College)
- Torture and Truth: Angélique and the Burning of Montreal (Canadian Mysteries)
- Marie-Joseph Angélique (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
- Slavery in Saint-Armand (Townships Heritage)
- One teacher wants a town in Quebec to remember the slaves lying buried beneath it (The Globe and Mail)
- Slaves who fled north (UELAC.org)
Enslaved Blacks in paintings:
- Portrait of a Haitian Woman (previously Portrait of a Negro Slave): Article Portrait of a Negro Slave (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
- Jamaican Maroons in Nova Scotia (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
Books
- Slavery, Geography and Empire in Nineteenth-Century Marine Landscapes of Montreal and Jamaica by Charmaine A. Nelson, Routledge, 2017
- Unyielding Spirits: Black Women and Slavery in Early Canada and Jamaica by Maureen Elgersman, Taylor & Francis,, 1999
- Sugar and Slaves: Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624-1713 by Richard Dunn, UNC Press 1972
- The Hanging of Angélique: The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal by Afua Cooper, Harper Collins, Toronto, 2006.
- Zong! by M. Nourbese Phillip, Wesleyan University Press, 2011
- British Capitalism and British Slavery by Eric Williams,Diasporic Africa Press. 2013
- The Transatlantic Slave Trade by Duchess Harris and Marcia Amidon Lusted, ABDO, 2019
Episode 4 - New World Cultures
How much of global culture – from reggae to mathematical fractals — originate in Africa
The Clotilda:
- Clotilda, 'last American slave ship,' discovered in Alabama (National Geographic)
Slave Foodways:
- How Slavery and African Food Traditions Shaped American Cooking (National Geographic)
- A New Year's tradition, born from slavery (Washington Post)
The banjo:
- History of the Banjo (Bluegrass Banjo)
- The Slave Experience: Education, Arts, & Culture (PBS)
- African Diaspora Culture: African Diaspora Culture (SlaveryandRemembrance.org)
Denmark in the slave trade:
- Slavery and Slave Trade (The Story of Denmark)
- Danish decision to abolish transatlantic slave trade in 1792 (Virgin Islands History)
Port Royal, Jamaica:
- The Underwater City of Port Royal (UNESCO)
Canadian Connections
Painting in the episode - George Heriot's Minuets of the Canadians
African Nova Scotia Culinary History
- Black farmers and the food sovereignty and food security movement:: Afri-Can FoodBasket
Books
- Barracoon by Zora Neale Hurston, Amistad Press, 2018
- The Cooking Gene: A Journey Through African American Culinary History in the Old South by Michael Twitty, Amistad Press, 2017
Episode 5: Resistance
How enslaved Africans resisted and sought freedom in Africa, in the U.S., and on the high seas.
Freedom boats: The Niagara |The Schooner Home
- The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (Canadian Encyclopedia)
- Article on Harriet Tubman (Canadian Encyclopedia)
Slave mutinies on ships
- Slave Ship Mutinies (Slavery and Remembrance)
- The Amistad Case (Archives.gov)
Slave rebellions
- 7 Famous Slave Revolts (History.com)
The Underground Railroad
- The Underground Railroad (PBS)
- Underground Railroad: Canada, A People's History (CBC)
- Underground Railroad (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
Black Heritage Sites across Canada
Black and general heritage sites connected to the Underground Railroad:
- Salem Chapel, BME Church
- St. Catharines Museum
- Voices of Freedom Park, NOTL
- Amherstburg Freedom Museum
- Sister freedom monuments in Windsor and Detroit
- Buxton National Historic Site and Museum
- Chatham-Kent Black Historical Society Heritage Room
- John Freeman Walls Historic Site and Underground Railroad Museum
- Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site
- Norval Johnson Heritage Centre
- Grey Roots Museum and Archives
- Oro African Church
- Sheffield Park Black History and Cultural Museum
- Montgomery's Inn
- Oakville Museum
Black heritage plaques
Freedom Seekers Settle in Canada
- Freedom seekers in New Brunswick: The unlikely life of an escaped slave in Saint John (CBC)
- The William Still Story, Canadian Freedom Markers: Stories of Freedom | Underground Railroad
Song: I'm On My Way to Canada
Books
- The Underground Railroad: Next Stop, Toronto! by Adrienne Shadd et al, Dundurn Press, 2002
- I've Got a Home in Glory Land by Karolyn Smardz Frost, Dundurn Press, 2007
- Steal Away Home by Karolyn Smardz Frost, HarperCollins, 2017
- Shadrach Minkins by Gary Lee Collison, Harvard University Press, 1997
- The Ward Uncoverd by John Lorinc et al, Coach House Press, 2018
- Emancipation Day: Celebrating Freedom in Canada by Natasha Henry, Dundurn Press, 2010
- Finding Freedom: the Untold Story of Joshua Glover by Ruby West Jackson and Walter T. McDonald, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2020
- The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself
- Daddy Hall: A Biography in 80 Linocuts by Tony Miller, Porcupine's Quill, 2017
- Broken Shackles: Old man Henson from Slavery to Freedom by Peter Meyler, Dundurn Press, 2001
Episode 6: Abolition
The final episode in this series on the transatlantic slave trade explores the politics that brought the enslavement of Africans in the West to an end.
Abolitionists in Europe
- Exhibitions & Learning online | Black presence | Rights (National Archives U.K.)
- Abolitionism in the Atlantic World: The Organization and Interaction of Anti-Slavery Movements in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (European History Online)
- Anti-slavery in the US (Library of Congress)
Canadian Connections
- The Bicentenary of the Abolition of the British Slave Trade - A Canadian Perspective (Canadian Race Relations Foundation)
- From Slavery to Freedom, Heritage Matters special issue (Heritage Trust)
- The invisible history of the slave trade (The Star)
- Chloe Cooley and the Act to Limit Slavery in Upper Canada (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
- Slavery Abolition Act, 1833 (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
Emancipation Day
- Have you ever heard of Emancipation Day? (CBC Kids)
Anti-slavery movement in Canada
- The North American Convention of Colored Freemen in Toronto, Canada, 1851 at St. Lawrence Hall: Proceedings for the North American Convention
- Article Toronto Feature: St Lawrence Hall (Canadian Encyclopedia)
Black Canadian anti-slavery newspapers
- The Voice of the Fugitive: INK - ODW Newspaper Collection
- The Provincial Freeman: INK - ODW Newspaper Collection
Books
- Book of Negroes by Lawrence Hill, HarperCollins, 2007.
- Washington Black by Esi Edugyan, HarperCollins, 2018.
Natasha Henry is the president of the Ontario Black History Society and is a PhD Candidate at York University, studying the lives of Black people who were enslaved in colonial Ontario.