Unreserved

'If I lose my right, I have nothing': A Mi'kmaw fisherwoman's fight for her right to fish

Fishing is one of Halifax's major industry. Marilynn-Leigh Francis is an Mi'kmaw fisherwoman who's faced racism and conflict on the job, says that it is her right to fish.
Fishing is one of Halifax's major industries. Marilynn-Leigh Francis, a Mi'kmaq fisherwoman, says that the Department of Fisheries and Oceans is contravening her inherent right to fish when they pull her lobster traps out of the water. (Zoe Tennant/CBC)

Originally published on Oct. 21, 2018.

For the last 21 years, Marilynn-Leigh Francis has dropped her lobster traps near Digby, N.S.

She said she has a right to fish there as a Mi'kmaw woman in Canada. However, Francis said The Department of Fisheries and Oceans has seized several of her traps, because they said the traps fall outside of Canadian fishing regulations.

"They tell me that the fishing I'm doing in their eyes is illegal. But they have no grounds to charge me," she told Unreserved's host Rosanna Deerchild.

"I fish solely under my inherent right given to me through my parents and my grandparents," she explained, clarifying that hers isn't a government-given right.

"I got it because of who I was from my bloodline, from my DNA. All that means is that my DNA is from this territory. It's from this land."

Marilynn-Leigh Francis and her family have been setting lobster traps in Digby N.S. for the last 21 years. Last August, after the Department of Fisheries and Oceans took her traps out of the water, she requested the RCMP charge the DFO for theft. (Zoe Tennant/CBC)

Currently, Francis has requested the RCMP charge the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) with theft after they took her traps earlier this year. As far as she knows, no charges have been laid. Francis said, essentially, the two parties are in limbo because she can't charge the DFO and they can't charge her. 

"If I'm not allowed to charge them and I'm not allowed to go to the RCMP and I'm not allowed to do any of that ... what do I do?" she asked. 

For Francis, fishing means independence and autonomy. Treaties, she explained, were made for Indigenous folks to live off their own resources. But over time, as systems were corrupted and bylaws put in place, it became impossible for people to be self-sufficient.  

"I just wanted to provide for my family in a way that I wasn't feeding, giving or accepting dictatorship from the government," she said.

"The only way I know how to do that is fishing."

"[The DFO] try to chalk me up between communal fishing and commercial fishing,” Francis said, explaining that she doesn't fall into either category so her traps shouldn't have been taken out of the water. (Zoe Tennant/CBC)

As she sees it, accepting government funding and social assistance makes it "harder for our future to have a future."

The treaty, Francis explained, should guarantee that that there should be no hindrance on her rights.

For her, having her traps removed "is moving past hindrance and moving straight into harassment."

She takes her responsibility as a fisherwoman very seriously — only putting out and taking in traps based on what she needs. So Francis said it's frustrating that the government and the chief and council stay mum on this threat to her livelihood.

"When they're quiet it allows people to come up with their own idea of what Native people have a right to," she said.

"If I lose my right, I have nothing."

Unreserved reached out to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans for comment, and received a statement.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada remains committed to working collaboratively with Indigenous communities and stakeholders to ensure a sustainable fishery for all Canadians. DFO's focus is on ensuring the compliance of all harvesters with the law. Consistent with Departmental policy, no further comment or details will be provided.