Sep 28: Plastic — We need to understand the problem and the solutions, and more
A fish’s finny fingers, food production instability, solar powered clams and a lizard’s bubble breathing
On this episode of Quirks & Quarks with Bob McDonald:
A Central American lizard creates a bubble of air underwater to breathe
Semi-aquatic lizards in the western rainforests of Central America have the ability to hide from predators underwater by breathing from a bubble of air they form over their heads. In a new study in the journal Biology Letters ecologist Lindsey Swierk, from New York State University at Binghamton, found that the lizards with this bubble-breathing trick could stay underwater for 30 per cent longer than the lizards that were prevented from forming a bubble.
A really weird fish walks on its fingers and tastes with them too
The sea robin is a strange fish with wing-like fins and finger-like bony structures that it uses to prop itself up as it roams the ocean floor. New research from a team of scientists from Harvard and Stanford Universities, including Nick Bellono, looked at how these bizarre creatures use their legs to hone in on their prey. It turns out these funny finny fingers can also taste food in the sediment of the sea bottom. The research was published in the journal Current Biology.
We can make our food production systems more stable by reintroducing nature
A new study by a team of researchers at the University of Guelph suggests that removing large animals and destroying natural habitats are making our agricultural systems and fisheries more unstable and vulnerable to boom and bust cycles. The study, published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, also suggests that restoring nature can help stabilize our food production to better feed the world's billions.
Giant clams live off sunlight and could inspire solar power systems
Working in the protected reefs of Palau, an island country in the western Pacific Ocean, Dr. Alison Sweeney — associate professor of physics and of ecology and evolutionary biology at Yale University — was intrigued by the iridescence of the giant clams. Her team discovered that the giant clams tissues are optimized to channel sunlight to photosynthetic algae that live inside them. They work like solar panels, but are far more efficiently than the ones we manufacture, providing inspiration for bio-inspired energy technology. The study was published in the journal PRX Energy.
Plastic: Understanding the problem, and the struggle for a solution
Plastic is a miracle material, and one of the most useful innovations of the modern age, but its ubiquity and the durability that makes it so useful means it's also becoming one of the world's biggest waste problems. Twenty years after he discovered microplastics on beaches around the UK, marine biologist Richard Thompson just released a new study in the journal Science looking at what we've learned about these pervasive plastics, and urges scientists to turn their research focus toward solving the problem. We also speak with R.J. Conk from the University of Berkeley about his work, also published in the journal Science, on vaporizing plastics down to their chemical building blocks, which would allow the plastic to be remade over and over again.
