Quirks and Quarks

Giraffe genome tells a tall tale

The genome of the giraffe has no unique genes, but has turned up the dial on many normal genes for bone, muscle and cardiovascular growth

The genome of the tallest land animal reveals how it achieved such heights

Giraffe bulls fighting (Luca Galuzzi, www.galuzzi.it, cc-by-sa-2.5)
The giraffe is clearly one of nature's more extreme animals.  Males can be 1200 kilos, six meters tall, and run at 60km/h, and in order to pump blood up their huge necks to their brains, their blood pressure must be double that of a human. 

Dr. Douglas Cavener, professor of biology and Dean of the Eberle College of Science at Penn State University, and his colleagues, have decoded the giraffe's genome, as well as that of its closest relative, the much less strange okapi, in order to try to understand the genetic roots of the giraffe's remarkable biology.

They found a suite of genetic changes, but relatively few genetic innovations, suggesting that the giraffe's secret is that it uses the same genes for bone, muscle and cardiovascular tissue that are used by other animals, but has amped up their normal activity to build their massive bodies.

Related Links

- Paper in Nature Communications
- Penn State University release
The Giraffe Genome Project
New Yorker story
Nature news story